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[情緒疾病與治療]
 
9. 長期失眠 (Chronic Insomnia)

 

失睡治療專家也會將患失眠的時間長短分類。若只是一個星期內失眠一至三晚,此類為「暫時性失眠」;若失眠四晚,並持續兩至三個星期,此類為「短期失眠」,若每星期失眠三晚或以上,且情况持續四個星期,那就屬於「長期失眠」。根據美國《精神疾病診斷與統計手冊–第四版》(DSM-IV)的分類,上述的「長期失眠」若並非由其他情緒病(如焦慮症或憂鬱症) 所導致時,此類失眠亦可以被介定為「原發性失眠」(Primary Insomnia)。在醫學上,嚴格而言,失眠患者必須感到其失眠問題帶給他(她)困擾,或對生活(如工作、學習社交或生活質素) 造成負面的影響(如工作或學習專注力減少,或開車時渴睡等),那才會被診斷患上失眠症(Insomnia Disorder)。換句話,若當事人雖「睡得不好」,但其生活質素與工作能力無受影響,那就算不患上失眠症。

 

「長期失眠」的起因可能開始時是與生活壓力有關,但之後的持續失眠往往是因為一些不健康的行為及思想習慣所致,香港約有12%的成年人患有長期失眠。認知行為治療被美國國立衛生研究院(National Institute of Health) 評定為有效治療長期失眠的方法。


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失眠|長期失眠|失眠治療|焦慮症|抑鬱症|情緒病|心理醫生|insomnia|insomnia disorder|insomnia treatment

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