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[情緒疾病與治療]
 
7. 創傷後壓力失調(Post-traumatic Stress Disorder)

 

創傷後壓力失調是焦慮症的一種,在美國約有2-9%的人患上這病症。當一個人親身經歷或目睹創傷性事件(如嚴重交通意外、被強姦、戰爭、自然災害、虐待、嚴重事故和囚禁),他/她可能出現極度恐懼、無助及打擊。任何人經歷這些事件都會有短期的焦慮或憂鬱,但創傷壓力失調症的患者會在意識上不斷重復經歷該創傷性事件,並逃避與該事件有關的人、想法或情形,且有情緒過於激動的反應。患者的症狀大致分為三類:  

  • 重復回想起創傷的事件:這些回想可能與惡夢常出現並對患者的生活造成困擾。當某些物件或情形勾起對創傷事件的回憶時,有些患者在心理或生理上會有極大的痛苦。 

  • 逃避行為:患者會一直回避任何能勾起他們對創傷事件回憶的事物,如避免想到、感受到或談到該事件,或逃避令他們想起該事件的一切活動、地方或人物。 

  • 生理警覺度增加:該類症狀包括失眠或嗜睡、易怒、難以集中注意力、變得異常警覺和易受驚嚇。

認知行為治療為有效的治療,主要是幫助患者學習放鬆和應對的技巧,讓患者多接觸其所懼怕的情況,以助患者對該情況的敏感度減低。


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創傷後壓力失調|創傷後壓力|post traumatic stress disorder|ptsd|ptsd treatment|焦慮症|焦慮|抑鬱症|情緒病|心理醫生

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