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[情緒疾病與治療]
 
10. 性格障礙 (Personality Disorder)

 

「性格」包括個人的思想,情緒及行為模式。大部分人的性格是由先天遺傳及成長期經歷所形成的,若某些人部份的性格令他們難以控制其情緒和行為,並引致和別人相處有困難而出現困擾,他們可能患上性格障礙。在美國,大約有10%的人患上性格障礙。患者有常會同時患有其他心理及行為障礙(如抑鬱症、濫用藥物及酗酒問題等)。

性格障礙可分為3大類10種型號:

  • 多疑類性格障礙: 它包含了偏執型(paranoid)、類精神分裂(schizoid)和分裂型(schizotypal) 性格障礙。

  • 情緒化衝動類性格障礙: 它包括了反社會型(antisocial)、情緒不穩定型(borderline)、 表演型(histrionic)和自戀型(narcissistic) 性格障礙。

  • 焦慮類性格障礙:可細分為強迫型(obsessive compulsive)、逃避型(avoidant)和依賴型(dependent) 性格障礙。患者較一般人容易患上各種焦慮症(anxiety disorders)。

現時治療性格障礙的實證心理治療包括圖式治療(Schema Therapy) 、辯證行為治療(Dialectical Behavioral Therapy) 及認知治療。


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性格障礙|性格評估|性格障礙治療|焦慮症|抑鬱症|情緒病|心理醫生|personality disorder|paranoid|schizoid|schizotypal|borderline personality

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